Part 2: Question-Response

Statements
Questions-Yes/No questions- Do V or Be V  #回答不見得有Yes/No回應
                 Wh- questions # 不會含有Yes/No回應  *刪去1.Yes/No回應及2.同音字
基本句型
1.直述句
Our sales report is due tomorrow afternoon.業務報告明天下午要交
2.Do/Does
Does this car come with a guarantee?這輛車有附保證書嗎?
3.When
When will they renovate our lobby?他們何時會整修我們的大廳?
4.Where
Where can I get a refund?我可以在那裡退款呢?
5.Who
Who's in charge of setting the table?誰負責擺設餐桌呢?
6.附加問句 (視作一般疑問句)
You forgot to turn off the lights, didn't you?你忘了關燈,對吧?
7.Would you
Would you transfer this call to extension 123? 可以幫我轉接分機123嗎?
解題技巧
1.疑問詞疑問句
聽懂5W1H,Yes/Now回答先刪除
What->問具體內容
#What do you do? 問職業
#What time... ? 問時間
#What do you think of /about...?問意見,對某事物的看法
When->問時間
#注意: not until = after
Where->問地點
Who->問誰 (Whose問"誰的")
Why->問理由,原因(需了解問題及所有選項之內容大意)
How->問方法,程度
#How long/many/many times/much/old/often...?問數字,頻率
#How do you like...? /How do you feel about...? 問對某事物的看法
#How about (+Ving) ? 提議

Part 1: Photographs

描述位置關係的介係詞
in front of 在...前面
behind 在...後面
on / on top of 在...之上
under / underneath 在...之下
above / over 在...正上方 (無接觸)
below / beneath 在...正下方
beside = next to 在...旁邊
against 靠著,倚著
at 在
in 在...裡面
around 在...周圍
between A and B 在A和B之間
on the same side of 在同一方向
on the opposite side of 在相反方向
to the right / left 在...右邊/左邊
on the other side of 在另外一邊
next to / by 在旁邊,隔壁
near / nearby 在附近
in the corner of 在...角落
in the middle of 在...中間
at the bottom of 在...底部
at the  top of 在...頂部

基本句型
1.現在進行式40~60%: 描述正在進行的動作,正呈現的狀態#常用於人物圖片
A man is walking on the sidewalk.
They are standing in a line.
2.現在完成式的被動語態20~30%: 常用來描述物品已擺放好的方式或狀態等#常用於事物圖片
The books have been arranged in piles.書本己成堆放置.
3.現在式的被動語態10~20%: 描述事物呈現的狀態#常用於事物圖片
Some cars are parked on the street.有幾輛車子停在街道上
4.現在進行式的被動語態10~20%:描述事物正在進行或呈現的狀態#常作為陷阱選項
The books are being diplayed on the shelves.書籍正被陳列在架子上
5.There's... "有" 的句型10%:描述物件所在位置,各物件相對位置(注意方位關係詞)
There's a picture above the beds.床上方掛著一幅畫

解題技巧
1.快速預覽
2.邊聽邊作答
3.眼見為憑
#小心辨別相似音(陷阱題)及同字音異
#注意N及V (其時態及語態)

potted plant盆栽; rail欄桿; railing; guardrail; utility pole; electric pole電線桿; trash can; garbage bin; waste basket 垃圾筒; shelf; bookshelf; rack; magazine/wine/shoe rack;cabinet; filing/shoe cabinet; night/beside table; night stand; sheet; linen床/被單; stack疊; parcel包裏; vase花瓶

deb安裝失敗手動移除package的步驟

Debian套件的安裝很方便,使用apt-get或是aptitude加上要安裝package的名稱即可順利的連結與安裝，但若不是套件庫的程式，也可使用封裝好的.deb套件dpkg -i來安裝,不過容易因為版本之相容問題導致安裝失敗,甚至無法順利執行apt-get update及upgrade.
怎辦呢? 只能手動移除deb的解安裝.
手動移除deb Package
找出相關安裝的檔案
dpkg -L Package-Name 或是
cd /var/cache/apt/archives; dpkg -c Package-Name.deb
將索引文件中的套件訊息刪除 (套件開頭的都刪除)
vi /var/lib/dpkg/status
cd /var/lib/dpkg/info
rm -fr Package-Name.*
重建索引
apt-get update
apt-get upgrade

分詞構句

由三種句子轉變來的,目的是要讓句子更為簡潔/好看,寫作時常見.
1.關係子句 (關代為主格) : Once there lived a man who was named Jack. = Once there lived a man named Jack.
2.從屬子句 (與"時間","原因"有關的連接詞): When you finished eating, you found you didn't bring any cash. = When finishing eating you found you didn't bring any cash.
3.對等連接詞 and  (用於兩個連續動作,或是第二動作為第一動作的結果): She unpinned her hair back, and rushed out of the door. = She unpinned her hair back, rushing out of  the door.

規則:
1.關係子句: (1)刪去關係代名詞 (2)動詞改Ving或p.p.(完成式一律用Having p.p.)
2.從屬子句: (1)連接詞視情況保留(不可省略者如unless(除非), once(一旦), as(如同), even if/though(即使), as if(彷彿/好像), until(直到) (2)主詞若為同一人,則刪去 (3)動詞改Ving或p.p.(完成式一律用Having p.p.)
3.對等連接詞and: (1)and 省略 (2)動詞改Ving或p.p.

主動 Ving, S+V.
Seeing the policeman, he ran away.
= When he saw the policeman, he ran away.

被動 (Being) + p.p., S+V. (Being主動省略)
Located in Chiayi City, National Chiayi University is easy to reach.
= Because National Chiayi University is located in Chiayi City, National Chiayi University is easy to reach.

連接詞
表時間 when, while, before, after, as soon as...
[例] After attracted by Helen's smile, John talked to her. (after亦可省略)
=After John was attracted by Helen's smile, John talked to her.

表原因as, because...
[例] Written in simple English, the book is suitable for beginners.
= Because the book is written in simple English, the book is suitable for beginners.

表條件if, unless....
[例] Turning to the left, you will find the school.  (主動)
= If you turn to the left, you will find the school.

表讓步though, although...
[例] Known where I live, he never comes to see me.
= Though he knows where I live, he never comes to see me.

表連續或附帶狀況and, but...
[例] I stood there, waiting for her. (主動)
= I stood there, and waited for her.

Carrying our shose in our hands, we passed the stream. (主動)
Driven by hungry, he stole a  cake. (被動)

分詞構句的"否定"用法
Not + 分詞, S+V
[例] Not knowing what to do, she began to cry.
=As she did not know what to do, she began to cry.
[例] Not (being) invited, he feels isolated.
= As he is not invited, he feels isolated.

分詞構句的"完成式"用法
主動 Having + p.p., S+V.
Having finished my assignment, I went home.
= After I had finished my assignment, I went home.

被動 (Having been) + p.p., S+V
(Having been) written in haste, the book has some faults.

Ref: NCYULgCMemoFromSylviaYang

現在分詞與過去分詞

現在分詞與過去分詞 >> 當"形容詞"用
Ving >> "主動"/"進行"意思
PP >> "被動"/"完成"的意思

1.名詞片語中-用於修飾名詞

[例] 現在分詞

(1) A barking dog doesn't bite.

(2) Who is the girl painting a picture over there?

[例]過去分詞

(1) The police found the stolen money in the car.

(2)The picture painted by a little girl won the contest.

2.補語位置-用於進行式

[例] The dog is barking

      The door was closed.

[例] Keep children away from the boiling water.  (正在沸騰中)

      Boiled water is safe to drink. (被煮和已煮沸)

*表感覺的分詞

現在分詞 (S=物)   : 令人.....的

interesting, fascinating, exciting, satisfying, amazing, surprising, disappointing, confusing, worrying, boring, tiring, annoying, frightening, scary

過去分詞 (S=人)   : 感到.....的

interested (in), fascinated (with), excited (about/at), satisfied (with), amazed (at), surprised (at), disappointed (at/with), confused, worried (about), bored, tired (of), annoyed (with), frightened, scared (of)

[practice]

1. A rolling stone gathers no moss. 滾石不生苔

2. He sat reading a book. 他坐在那兒看書

3. I was surprised at the news. 對於這個消息我感到非常驚呀 (情緒 -> 人 >> p.p.)

4. I had my car washed. 我叫人洗我的車

5. I found him standing at the door.

6. I found the book stolen. 我發現這本書被偷了

7. A lost opportunity never returns. 錯過的機會永不再來

8. The language spoken in the United States in English. 在美國說的語言是英語 (語言是被人說的)

9. I heard her singing a song. 我聽到她在唱歌

10. I heard my name called. 我聽見有人在叫我的名字 (名子是被人叫)

Ref: NCYULgCMemoFromSylviaYang

動名詞與不定詞

Ving 動名詞有時帶有”持續”或”經驗”的意思.  to V 不定詞有時帶有"目的"或"不確定"的意思.
動名詞與不定詞
一.作主詞
二.作受詞
三.否定用法
四.不定詞之省略
(八成以上接不定詞; 一般動詞+ to V ; 特定動詞 + Ving )

作主詞
1.動名詞作主詞(視為單數): 視為一件事+V單數 [例] Studying English is fun.
2.不定詞作主詞: 放在句首,視為一件事+V單數 [例] To be on time is important.
*不定詞作主詞時可用假主詞: It is adj. (for 人) to + V.= V. is adj = Ving is adj.
[例] It is difficult to learn a second language. = To learn / Learning a second language is difficult.

作受詞
1.一般動詞 + Ving [例] They enjoy watching TV.
2.介系詞 + Ving [例] He is interested in learning English.

*只能接Ving的動詞
avoid(避免), advise/suggest/recommend(建議),*like/love/enjoy(喜歡) (like/love不會考,都可以接), dislike/hate/resent(討厭),*bear/stand/tolerate(忍受), admit(承認), appreciate(感謝), consider/contemplate(考慮), regret(後悔), deny(否認), escape(逃過), finish/complete(結束/完成), keep(繼續), quit(戒除), mind(介意), discuss(討論), practice(練習), resist(抵抗), risk(冒~的危險), recall/recollect/recur(回想), spend(花時間), postpone(延期), can't help(忍不住), give up(放棄), feel like(想要), look forward to(期待),...等等

*只能接to V的動詞
ask(要求), want(想要), intend(打算), hope(希望), expect(期待), promise(承諾), pretend(假裝), deserve(應得), refuse(拒絕), manage(設法做到), mean(打算),...等等

*特殊動詞  接動名詞與不定詞之意思不同 remember, forget, regret, stop, try, prefer...等等
(1)remember; forget - to V (未做) ; Ving (已做)
(2)regret - to V 遺撼(未做) ; Ving 後悔(已做)
(3)try - to V 試圖 ; Ving 試看看(已在嘗試)
(4)stop - to V 開始 ; Ving 停止
[例] I forgot to put the food in the refrigerator; now it's all spoiled. >>忘了去做(未做)
      I forgot putting the food in the refrigerator, so I couldn't find it anywhere. >>忘了做過(已做)
[例]prefer A to B (A/B為Ving) 偏好A不要B
      prefer A (rather) than B (A/B為to V)  I prefer to read than (to) see a movie.

否定用法
動名詞的否定
介系詞+ not + Ving [例] They talked about not going to the party.
不定詞的否定
not/never + to V  [例] He promised me not/never to do such a thing again.

不定詞的省略
主詞 1.感官動詞  + 受詞 (to 省略) + 原形動詞
       2.使役動詞
       3.一般動詞 help

特殊動詞/ 感官動詞(see, watch, look at, notice, observe, find, hear, fell, smell, listen to...)
+V原 >> 主動,強調事實
+Ving >> 主動,強調進行中
[例] I saw the man kill my dog. 我有看到那個人殺了我的狗 (+V原: 主動,強調事實)
     I saw the man killing my dog. 我看著那個人殺著我的狗 (+Ving: 主動,強調進行)
     I heard my do killed. 我聽說我的狗被殺了 ( + p.p.: 被動

連綴動詞(look, sound, taste, smell, fell (.....起來)
+形容詞
+ like + 名詞

使役動詞(let, make(強迫), have(要求)...)
+V原 >> 主動
+N    >> 主動
+adj. >> 被動
+ p.p. >> 被動
[例] I make my brother do everything for me. (+V原: 主動)
      I make my brother a useful man. (+N.: 主動)
      I make my brother happy. (+adj.: 被動)
      I make my brother scolded by my parents. (+p.p. 被動)

Ref: NCYULgCMemoFromSylviaYang

TOEIC Memorandum Part7-6 Double passages

6. Double passages
Focus: Learning how to answer questions dealing with charts, tables, forms and double passages

(1)Dealing with charts, tables and forms (90%)
(2)Locate information in double text questions (10%)

tip1.Understand parts of charts, tables and forms
This will help you quickly identify the parts of the passage/chart/table where the information you need can be found.
tip2.Skim the questions and passage to find information quickly
This will help you identify which part of the text is referred to. Then compare the answer choices to that part of the chart, table or form.
tip3.Be careful of the "small print"
charts, tables and forms may include notes or extra information at the bottom. Check this before choosing an answer to avoid making unnecessary mistakes.
tip4.Watch for connected information between texts
In each double passage there will be at least one question that will require you to look at both texts and connect the information.
tip5.Double passage questions
For questions on double passages, it is important to read both passages before you answer.

六.雙篇題  (圖表+文字 / 文字+文字)
共有四題組,最後一個題組較難,最後答,時間若來不及可猜C或D
1.原則上1題1分鐘,最多不要超過2分鐘
2.先看內文,了解圖表/表格由那些部份所組成
3.接下來看題目,利用題目或選項中之關鍵字判斷解題線索在那一篇文章中,若無法得知在那一篇,可先從第一篇著手
4.找出解題線索在圖表/表格的那一部份
5.作答前,請留意圖表的小註記,避免出錯
6.實際上超過九成的問題在其中一篇文章內就可以找到答案
7.每個題組至少會出一題需要將兩篇資訊整合的題目,此類題目,請將兩篇文章都瀏覽過後再作答
(往往複篇題數少,約10%,九成是在單主篇中出題)