動名詞與不定詞

Ving 動名詞有時帶有”持續”或”經驗”的意思.  to V 不定詞有時帶有"目的"或"不確定"的意思.
動名詞與不定詞
一.作主詞
二.作受詞
三.否定用法
四.不定詞之省略
(八成以上接不定詞; 一般動詞+ to V ; 特定動詞 + Ving )

作主詞
1.動名詞作主詞(視為單數): 視為一件事+V單數 [例] Studying English is fun.
2.不定詞作主詞: 放在句首,視為一件事+V單數 [例] To be on time is important.
*不定詞作主詞時可用假主詞: It is adj. (for 人) to + V.= V. is adj = Ving is adj.
[例] It is difficult to learn a second language. = To learn / Learning a second language is difficult.

作受詞
1.一般動詞 + Ving [例] They enjoy watching TV.
2.介系詞 + Ving [例] He is interested in learning English.

*只能接Ving的動詞
avoid(避免), advise/suggest/recommend(建議),*like/love/enjoy(喜歡) (like/love不會考,都可以接), dislike/hate/resent(討厭),*bear/stand/tolerate(忍受), admit(承認), appreciate(感謝), consider/contemplate(考慮), regret(後悔), deny(否認), escape(逃過), finish/complete(結束/完成), keep(繼續), quit(戒除), mind(介意), discuss(討論), practice(練習), resist(抵抗), risk(冒~的危險), recall/recollect/recur(回想), spend(花時間), postpone(延期), can't help(忍不住), give up(放棄), feel like(想要), look forward to(期待),...等等

*只能接to V的動詞
ask(要求), want(想要), intend(打算), hope(希望), expect(期待), promise(承諾), pretend(假裝), deserve(應得), refuse(拒絕), manage(設法做到), mean(打算),...等等

*特殊動詞  接動名詞與不定詞之意思不同 remember, forget, regret, stop, try, prefer...等等
(1)remember; forget - to V (未做) ; Ving (已做)
(2)regret - to V 遺撼(未做) ; Ving 後悔(已做)
(3)try - to V 試圖 ; Ving 試看看(已在嘗試)
(4)stop - to V 開始 ; Ving 停止
[例] I forgot to put the food in the refrigerator; now it's all spoiled. >>忘了去做(未做)
      I forgot putting the food in the refrigerator, so I couldn't find it anywhere. >>忘了做過(已做)
[例]prefer A to B (A/B為Ving) 偏好A不要B
      prefer A (rather) than B (A/B為to V)  I prefer to read than (to) see a movie.

否定用法
動名詞的否定
介系詞+ not + Ving [例] They talked about not going to the party.
不定詞的否定
not/never + to V  [例] He promised me not/never to do such a thing again.

不定詞的省略
主詞 1.感官動詞  + 受詞 (to 省略) + 原形動詞
       2.使役動詞
       3.一般動詞 help

特殊動詞/ 感官動詞(see, watch, look at, notice, observe, find, hear, fell, smell, listen to...)
+V原 >> 主動,強調事實
+Ving >> 主動,強調進行中
[例] I saw the man kill my dog. 我有看到那個人殺了我的狗 (+V原: 主動,強調事實)
     I saw the man killing my dog. 我看著那個人殺著我的狗 (+Ving: 主動,強調進行)
     I heard my do killed. 我聽說我的狗被殺了 ( + p.p.: 被動

連綴動詞(look, sound, taste, smell, fell (.....起來)
+形容詞
+ like + 名詞

使役動詞(let, make(強迫), have(要求)...)
+V原 >> 主動
+N    >> 主動
+adj. >> 被動
+ p.p. >> 被動
[例] I make my brother do everything for me. (+V原: 主動)
      I make my brother a useful man. (+N.: 主動)
      I make my brother happy. (+adj.: 被動)
      I make my brother scolded by my parents. (+p.p. 被動)

Ref: NCYULgCMemoFromSylviaYang