LOOP

 

GMP fab water supply

只能接不定詞的動詞

ask(要求); want(想要); intend(打算); hope(想要); expect(期待); promise(承諾); pretend(假裝); deserve(應得); refuse(拒絕); manage(設法做到); mean(打算); afford(給予); fail(失敗); decite(決定); demand(需求); choose; wish; offer; permit(許可); seem; hesitate(猶豫)

只能接動名詞的動詞

avoid(避免); advise/suggest/recomment(建議); *like/love/enjoy(喜歡); dislike/hate/resent(討厭); *bear/stand/tolerate(忍受); admit(承認); appreciate(感謝); consider/contemplate(考慮); regret(後悔); deny(否認); escape(逃過); finish/complete(結束/完成); keep(繼續); quit(戒除); mind(介意); discuss(討論); practice(練習); resist(抵抗); risk(冒~的危險); recall/recllect/recur(回想); spend(花時間); postpone(延期); put off(延期); can't help(忍不住); give up(放棄); feel like(想要); look forward to(期待); delay; prevent; commit(提交); prefer

Part 2: Question-Response

Statements
Questions-Yes/No questions- Do V or Be V  #回答不見得有Yes/No回應
                 Wh- questions # 不會含有Yes/No回應  *刪去1.Yes/No回應及2.同音字
基本句型
1.直述句
Our sales report is due tomorrow afternoon.業務報告明天下午要交
2.Do/Does
Does this car come with a guarantee?這輛車有附保證書嗎?
3.When
When will they renovate our lobby?他們何時會整修我們的大廳?
4.Where
Where can I get a refund?我可以在那裡退款呢?
5.Who
Who's in charge of setting the table?誰負責擺設餐桌呢?
6.附加問句 (視作一般疑問句)
You forgot to turn off the lights, didn't you?你忘了關燈,對吧?
7.Would you
Would you transfer this call to extension 123? 可以幫我轉接分機123嗎?
解題技巧
1.疑問詞疑問句
聽懂5W1H,Yes/Now回答先刪除
What->問具體內容
#What do you do? 問職業
#What time... ? 問時間
#What do you think of /about...?問意見,對某事物的看法
When->問時間
#注意: not until = after
Where->問地點
Who->問誰 (Whose問"誰的")
Why->問理由,原因(需了解問題及所有選項之內容大意)
How->問方法,程度
#How long/many/many times/much/old/often...?問數字,頻率
#How do you like...? /How do you feel about...? 問對某事物的看法
#How about (+Ving) ? 提議

Part 1: Photographs

描述位置關係的介係詞
in front of 在...前面
behind 在...後面
on / on top of 在...之上
under / underneath 在...之下
above / over 在...正上方 (無接觸)
below / beneath 在...正下方
beside = next to 在...旁邊
against 靠著,倚著
at 在
in 在...裡面
around 在...周圍
between A and B 在A和B之間
on the same side of 在同一方向
on the opposite side of 在相反方向
to the right / left 在...右邊/左邊
on the other side of 在另外一邊
next to / by 在旁邊,隔壁
near / nearby 在附近
in the corner of 在...角落
in the middle of 在...中間
at the bottom of 在...底部
at the  top of 在...頂部

基本句型
1.現在進行式40~60%: 描述正在進行的動作,正呈現的狀態#常用於人物圖片
A man is walking on the sidewalk.
They are standing in a line.
2.現在完成式的被動語態20~30%: 常用來描述物品已擺放好的方式或狀態等#常用於事物圖片
The books have been arranged in piles.書本己成堆放置.
3.現在式的被動語態10~20%: 描述事物呈現的狀態#常用於事物圖片
Some cars are parked on the street.有幾輛車子停在街道上
4.現在進行式的被動語態10~20%:描述事物正在進行或呈現的狀態#常作為陷阱選項
The books are being diplayed on the shelves.書籍正被陳列在架子上
5.There's... "有" 的句型10%:描述物件所在位置,各物件相對位置(注意方位關係詞)
There's a picture above the beds.床上方掛著一幅畫

解題技巧
1.快速預覽
2.邊聽邊作答
3.眼見為憑
#小心辨別相似音(陷阱題)及同字音異
#注意N及V (其時態及語態)

potted plant盆栽; rail欄桿; railing; guardrail; utility pole; electric pole電線桿; trash can; garbage bin; waste basket 垃圾筒; shelf; bookshelf; rack; magazine/wine/shoe rack;cabinet; filing/shoe cabinet; night/beside table; night stand; sheet; linen床/被單; stack疊; parcel包裏; vase花瓶

分詞構句

由三種句子轉變來的,目的是要讓句子更為簡潔/好看,寫作時常見.
1.關係子句 (關代為主格) : Once there lived a man who was named Jack. = Once there lived a man named Jack.
2.從屬子句 (與"時間","原因"有關的連接詞): When you finished eating, you found you didn't bring any cash. = When finishing eating you found you didn't bring any cash.
3.對等連接詞 and  (用於兩個連續動作,或是第二動作為第一動作的結果): She unpinned her hair back, and rushed out of the door. = She unpinned her hair back, rushing out of  the door.

規則:
1.關係子句: (1)刪去關係代名詞 (2)動詞改Ving或p.p.(完成式一律用Having p.p.)
2.從屬子句: (1)連接詞視情況保留(不可省略者如unless(除非), once(一旦), as(如同), even if/though(即使), as if(彷彿/好像), until(直到) (2)主詞若為同一人,則刪去 (3)動詞改Ving或p.p.(完成式一律用Having p.p.)
3.對等連接詞and: (1)and 省略 (2)動詞改Ving或p.p.

主動 Ving, S+V.
Seeing the policeman, he ran away.
= When he saw the policeman, he ran away.

被動 (Being) + p.p., S+V. (Being主動省略)
Located in Chiayi City, National Chiayi University is easy to reach.
= Because National Chiayi University is located in Chiayi City, National Chiayi University is easy to reach.

連接詞
表時間 when, while, before, after, as soon as...
[例] After attracted by Helen's smile, John talked to her. (after亦可省略)
=After John was attracted by Helen's smile, John talked to her.

表原因as, because...
[例] Written in simple English, the book is suitable for beginners.
= Because the book is written in simple English, the book is suitable for beginners.

表條件if, unless....
[例] Turning to the left, you will find the school.  (主動)
= If you turn to the left, you will find the school.

表讓步though, although...
[例] Known where I live, he never comes to see me.
= Though he knows where I live, he never comes to see me.

表連續或附帶狀況and, but...
[例] I stood there, waiting for her. (主動)
= I stood there, and waited for her.

Carrying our shose in our hands, we passed the stream. (主動)
Driven by hungry, he stole a  cake. (被動)

分詞構句的"否定"用法
Not + 分詞, S+V
[例] Not knowing what to do, she began to cry.
=As she did not know what to do, she began to cry.
[例] Not (being) invited, he feels isolated.
= As he is not invited, he feels isolated.

分詞構句的"完成式"用法
主動 Having + p.p., S+V.
Having finished my assignment, I went home.
= After I had finished my assignment, I went home.

被動 (Having been) + p.p., S+V
(Having been) written in haste, the book has some faults.

Ref: NCYULgCMemoFromSylviaYang

現在分詞與過去分詞

現在分詞與過去分詞 >> 當"形容詞"用
Ving >> "主動"/"進行"意思
PP >> "被動"/"完成"的意思

1.名詞片語中-用於修飾名詞

[例] 現在分詞

(1) A barking dog doesn't bite.

(2) Who is the girl painting a picture over there?

[例]過去分詞

(1) The police found the stolen money in the car.

(2)The picture painted by a little girl won the contest.

2.補語位置-用於進行式

[例] The dog is barking

      The door was closed.

[例] Keep children away from the boiling water.  (正在沸騰中)

      Boiled water is safe to drink. (被煮和已煮沸)

*表感覺的分詞

現在分詞 (S=物)   : 令人.....的

interesting, fascinating, exciting, satisfying, amazing, surprising, disappointing, confusing, worrying, boring, tiring, annoying, frightening, scary

過去分詞 (S=人)   : 感到.....的

interested (in), fascinated (with), excited (about/at), satisfied (with), amazed (at), surprised (at), disappointed (at/with), confused, worried (about), bored, tired (of), annoyed (with), frightened, scared (of)

[practice]

1. A rolling stone gathers no moss. 滾石不生苔

2. He sat reading a book. 他坐在那兒看書

3. I was surprised at the news. 對於這個消息我感到非常驚呀 (情緒 -> 人 >> p.p.)

4. I had my car washed. 我叫人洗我的車

5. I found him standing at the door.

6. I found the book stolen. 我發現這本書被偷了

7. A lost opportunity never returns. 錯過的機會永不再來

8. The language spoken in the United States in English. 在美國說的語言是英語 (語言是被人說的)

9. I heard her singing a song. 我聽到她在唱歌

10. I heard my name called. 我聽見有人在叫我的名字 (名子是被人叫)

Ref: NCYULgCMemoFromSylviaYang

動名詞與不定詞

Ving 動名詞有時帶有”持續”或”經驗”的意思.  to V 不定詞有時帶有"目的"或"不確定"的意思.
動名詞與不定詞
一.作主詞
二.作受詞
三.否定用法
四.不定詞之省略
(八成以上接不定詞; 一般動詞+ to V ; 特定動詞 + Ving )

作主詞
1.動名詞作主詞(視為單數): 視為一件事+V單數 [例] Studying English is fun.
2.不定詞作主詞: 放在句首,視為一件事+V單數 [例] To be on time is important.
*不定詞作主詞時可用假主詞: It is adj. (for 人) to + V.= V. is adj = Ving is adj.
[例] It is difficult to learn a second language. = To learn / Learning a second language is difficult.

作受詞
1.一般動詞 + Ving [例] They enjoy watching TV.
2.介系詞 + Ving [例] He is interested in learning English.

*只能接Ving的動詞
avoid(避免), advise/suggest/recommend(建議),*like/love/enjoy(喜歡) (like/love不會考,都可以接), dislike/hate/resent(討厭),*bear/stand/tolerate(忍受), admit(承認), appreciate(感謝), consider/contemplate(考慮), regret(後悔), deny(否認), escape(逃過), finish/complete(結束/完成), keep(繼續), quit(戒除), mind(介意), discuss(討論), practice(練習), resist(抵抗), risk(冒~的危險), recall/recollect/recur(回想), spend(花時間), postpone(延期), can't help(忍不住), give up(放棄), feel like(想要), look forward to(期待),...等等

*只能接to V的動詞
ask(要求), want(想要), intend(打算), hope(希望), expect(期待), promise(承諾), pretend(假裝), deserve(應得), refuse(拒絕), manage(設法做到), mean(打算),...等等

*特殊動詞  接動名詞與不定詞之意思不同 remember, forget, regret, stop, try, prefer...等等
(1)remember; forget - to V (未做) ; Ving (已做)
(2)regret - to V 遺撼(未做) ; Ving 後悔(已做)
(3)try - to V 試圖 ; Ving 試看看(已在嘗試)
(4)stop - to V 開始 ; Ving 停止
[例] I forgot to put the food in the refrigerator; now it's all spoiled. >>忘了去做(未做)
      I forgot putting the food in the refrigerator, so I couldn't find it anywhere. >>忘了做過(已做)
[例]prefer A to B (A/B為Ving) 偏好A不要B
      prefer A (rather) than B (A/B為to V)  I prefer to read than (to) see a movie.

否定用法
動名詞的否定
介系詞+ not + Ving [例] They talked about not going to the party.
不定詞的否定
not/never + to V  [例] He promised me not/never to do such a thing again.

不定詞的省略
主詞 1.感官動詞  + 受詞 (to 省略) + 原形動詞
       2.使役動詞
       3.一般動詞 help

特殊動詞/ 感官動詞(see, watch, look at, notice, observe, find, hear, fell, smell, listen to...)
+V原 >> 主動,強調事實
+Ving >> 主動,強調進行中
[例] I saw the man kill my dog. 我有看到那個人殺了我的狗 (+V原: 主動,強調事實)
     I saw the man killing my dog. 我看著那個人殺著我的狗 (+Ving: 主動,強調進行)
     I heard my do killed. 我聽說我的狗被殺了 ( + p.p.: 被動

連綴動詞(look, sound, taste, smell, fell (.....起來)
+形容詞
+ like + 名詞

使役動詞(let, make(強迫), have(要求)...)
+V原 >> 主動
+N    >> 主動
+adj. >> 被動
+ p.p. >> 被動
[例] I make my brother do everything for me. (+V原: 主動)
      I make my brother a useful man. (+N.: 主動)
      I make my brother happy. (+adj.: 被動)
      I make my brother scolded by my parents. (+p.p. 被動)

Ref: NCYULgCMemoFromSylviaYang

TOEIC Memorandum Part7-5 Specific information (negative)

5.Specific information (negative)
Focus: Learning how to answer "NOT" questions, and questions with names, numbers, dates or times.

These can be the most time-consuming.
Leave them till last, when you may have already got information to help you with the answers.
(1)Which of the following is NOT true?
(2)Which of the following positions is NOT available?

tip1.Leave "NOT" questions to last
Answering the other questions may help you to answer "NOT: questions or to know where in the passage to find the answer.
tip2.For "NOT" questions,use what you've learnt doing the easier questions.
Doing the other questions should hlep you to answer these questions. If not, skim the passage to confirm the most likely answer choice. To simulate this, task C uses a text that was also used in 1~4 item.
tip3.Eliminate incorrect answer choices and choose what's left.
Ignore options with similar meanings in the passage (you need to find the one that is NOT true).
The option you can't find is the correct answer.

五.含NOT題
(1) Not true 錯的敘述
(2) Not mention 沒有提到的
刪去部份選項(完全符合的敘述及意思雷同的選項皆要刪除),找不到的及意思有出入的選項才是正解.

解題技巧:
1.利用先前作答過程得到的訊息,先刪去部份選項(完全符合的敘述及意思雷同的選項皆要刪除)
2.剩下的選項中挑選"關鍵字"(KEY WORDS)(名詞/動詞/形容詞/副詞)
3.回文章搜尋關鍵字,並善用刪去法
4.找不到的及意思有出入的選項即為正解

TOEIC Memorandum Part7-4 Inference questions

4.Inference questions
Doing the previous question types first will help prepare you for  thest.
(1)What can be said/inferred about....?
(2)Who might read this advertisement?

tip1.In inference questions the answers will not be stated directly in the passage.
The correct option will relate to or paraphrase ideas from the text. Look for words or ideas in the passage relatedd to the things noted in each answer choice.

四.推論題
suggested,implied等暗示含義
被動或不確定之字眼 said/inferred/might.....
會是推論後之結果

策略:掃描法scanning
解題技巧:
1.從問題選項挑選"關鍵字"(KEY WORDS)(名詞/動詞/形容詞/副詞)
2. 逐一回文章搜尋相關的單字或概念
3.根據找到的線索中作出推論
*注意答案並不會直接在文章中清楚地描述出來,而是需透過推敲找出關聯性之答案,也不可能和文章用字一樣,而是會用不同單字或句型改述.

TOEIC Memorandum Part7-3 Main idea

3. Main idea
Doing the previous question types first will help prepare you for thest.
(1)What is the purpose of this memo? (purpose; mainly,...)
(2)Why is Mr. Jones writing this letter? (why ... writing ...)

tip1.Answering the easier questions first gives you information.
Answering the specific information and vocabulary questions first shoud help you to answer the main idea or inference questions. If not, skim the passage to confirm the most likely answer choice.

三.主旨題
策略: 略讀法skimming
解題技巧:
1.閱讀文章大標題/小標題/副標題
2.閱讀第一段(全文主旨所在)
3.若線索不夠,繼續往下延伸閱讀

TOEIC Memorandum Part7-2 Vocabulary questions

2.Vocabulary questions
Focus: Using context to answer vocabulary questions. Using what you have learn to help infer meaning.

These should be answered quickly. If you don't know the word or words, guess and move on.
(1)The word "X" in paragraph 1, line 3 is closest in meaning to ....

tip1.The context of the passage can give clues to vocabulary meaning.
Read the sentences aroud the target word to try to guess the meaning.
tip2.These questions sometimes use challenging vocabulary.
If you don't know all of the words, ignore the ones you do know that don't answer the question. This will increase your chances of a successful guess.

二.單字題
策略: 上下文線索 (context, clues)
解題技巧:
1.閱讀該單字附近的句子,利用上下文推測它的意思
2.從自己知道意思的選項一一帶入,檢視其意思是否合乎邏輯
3.善用刪去法選出最佳答案

TOEIC Memorandum Part7-1 Specific information questions

1.Specific information questions (positive)    5W1H(6W1H)
Focus: Scanning the questions to decide which ones to answer first.

These are the easiest and quickest to find the answer for.
Do these first.
(1)According to the author, who will use X?
(2)Where did x come from?
(3)Who will benefit from this change?

tip1. Look at the questions first:
To save time, do not start reading the passage until you know exactly what you need to find.
tip2. Answer questions in the most efficient order:
Some question types are easier to answer than others. Answering the easiest questions first will give you information that will help you answer the difficult ones more quickly.
tip3. Pick out 'key words' (nouns and verbs) in the question:
This will help you to quickly understand what you need to look for in the passage.

一.具體問題
策略: 掃描法Scanning
解題技巧
1.從題目挑選"關鍵字"(KEY WORDS)(名詞/動詞/形容詞/副詞)
2.回文章快速掃描"關鍵字"

"關鍵字">>重要而且特別的單字,由關鍵字或其同義字去找文章之句子中直接找尋答案.

TOEIC Memorandum Part7

Reading Test Part 7
It is essential to make the best use of your time in Part7.
Looking at the questions before you read will help you to find exactly what information you need.
This will also help you to decide which questions to answer first.

step1.檢視大標題/小標題/副標題的含意及主旨.
step2.辨別題型 Scanning the questions to decide which ones to answer first
step3.由簡而難答題 Answer easier questions first

題型類別可分為五大類,簡難由1>5

1.具體問題 (5w1h) Specific information (positive)
2.單字題 Vocabulary questions
3.主旨題 Main idea
4.推論題 Inference questions
5.含NOT題 Specific information (negative)

Question types:
1.What is this notice mainly about? >>3 (mainly)
2.Where might you see this notice? >>4 (might)
3.By when must you give notice in order to get the maximum refund? >>1 (by when)
4.What will happen if you withdraw prior to the second lesson? >> 1 (what)
5.Which of the following is NOT true? >>5
6.The word "xxxx" in paragraph x, line x, is closest in meaning to... >>2
7.At what time does the club open? >>1
8.What is the price of the guitar? >>1
9.Who might reply to this advertisement? >>4 (might)
10.Where did the man buy his bicycle? >>1
11.How long should the man wait for a reply? >>1
12 What can be inferred about the woman's job? >>4 (be inferred)

解題技巧
1."單篇題"先看題目. "雙篇題"若有表格,先看表格再看題目.
2.選項若為解題線索的另一種說法,往往就是正確答案(替代說法). 若研判解題線索的單字或表達方式太難,就用(消去法)來刪除選項.
3.答題順序:易>>難 (1具體問題>2單字題>3主旨題>4推論題>5含NOT題)
4.具體問題: 題目中圈選2~3個關鍵字,回文內快速搜尋,找到其完整段落細讀解題.
5.單字題: 閱讀該單字所在句子,利用前後段解題.接著帶入選項中知道的意思,一一刪去不合理之選項.
6.主旨題: 讀大/小/副標題和第一段問題.若仍不明確,則繼續讀下去.一般會在章之前半段.
7.推論題: 挑選2~3個關鍵字(若題目中有,可先從題目著手),回文內快速尋,其答案並不會直接在文內清楚描述,必須透過推論出其關聯性,其答案不可和文章用字一模一樣,而是會用不同單字或句型改述.
8.含NOT題:意思雷同的選項先忽略,利用先前作答過程所得之資訊猜測正確解答(符合者先刪除).善用消去作答.若仍無法確定答案,再圈選2~3個關鍵字,回內文驗證. 符合的刪除,不符合或完全沒提到者才是含NOT題的答案.

雙篇題策略:
1.每題最多不超過2分鐘.
2.先看內文,了解圖表/表格由那幾部份所組成
3.看題目.利用題目中之關鍵字找出解題線索係由那一篇文章.若無法得知是在那一篇,可先從第一篇著手
4.找出解題線索在圖表/表格中的那一部份
5.作答前請留意圖表下小字星號註記說明,避免出錯.
6.大部份之問題(8~90%)會在其中一篇文章內即可找出答案.
7.每題組至少會出一題兩篇文章整合題,此類題目必須將兩篇文章檢閱後再作答.

Ref: NCYULgCMemoFromSylviaYang

TOEIC Memorandum Part5/6

Reading:
Part 5~6 (需在15~20分鐘內完成答題)
以答案選項判別題型: "單字題"或"文法題",每題30秒內答完,超過者,不要掙扎了,猜題!
單字題: 需整句讀完,以前後文意判辨答案.
文法題: 從空格前後單字判辨,無法判別時,再前後延伸或整句讀完.
Part 5可採用兩次答題法,每題停留10秒,快速作答一遍,將簡單的題目先答完.難的題目先跳過,回頭再答,此時每題應在20秒內作答,大原則平均每題花費時間不應超過30秒.
Part 6不需要全部讀完,視做Part 5解題方式,只需瀏覽空格所在句子,若無法判別時,再前後延伸.

詞性辨別
必要之詞性: 名詞N及動詞V (N,V); 主詞S及受詞O,均可視為名詞N(N=>S,O)

非必要之詞性: 形容詞adj及副詞adv; 形容詞修飾名詞(adj->N), 副詞可修飾動詞,形容詞及副詞本身(adv->V,adj,adv)

連接詞: 對等之概念(平衡觀念),字<>字/片語<>片語/句子<>句子

Test tip
First decide what part of speech is needed.
Recognizing the part of speech (noun, verb, adjective, etc.) that is needed to fill the blank can help you to choose the correct answer.

Test tip
Find the answer choices of the correct type.
Once you know what you are looking for, skim the answer choices to find it.
This can help you to eliminate wrong answers.

Grammar note
Use suffixes (word endings) to help identify the part of speech, e.g. -ed/ -ing/ -ful/ -le (adjective) ; -ly (adverb) ; -ment (noun).

The guests were amazed by the ----(colorful,adj) statues in the garden. (color/colorful/colors/colorfully)
The rise in steel prices has resulted in a ----(considerable,adj) increase in our production costs. (considerably/consideration/considerable/considers)
While Jane was at collage, she ----(wrote,V) to her sister every week. (writing/written/write/wrote)
The project team found it very difficult to hide their ----(disappointment,N) over the rejection.(disappoint/disappointing/disappointedly/disappointment)
The board gave our project proposal a very ----(favorable,adj) review. (favor/favorable/favoring/favorably)
The delegates seemed to find the presentation very ----(interesting,adj). (interests/interest/interesting/interestingly)

statues 雕像
result in 導致
considerable 相當大;很明顯的 (=substantial, =significant)
find 發覺,覺得
favorable 好評

Ref: NCYULgCMemoFromSylviaYang

英文字根說明

網路上搜尋到的參考學習資料

Present = pre-（在之前）+ es（是、存在）+ -ent（狀態性質）
=使事物出現在人前（adj.）出席的（vt.）提出（n.）禮物
Telephone = tele-（遠）+ phone（聲音）
=使聲音從遠方傳來（n.）電話
Student = stud（study的簡化）+ -ent（動作者）
=研究的人（n.）學生
Picture = pict（繪畫）+ -ure（狀態結果）
=繪畫的事物（n.）圖畫、相片（vt.）設想
Bicycle = bi-（二）+ cycle（轉圈）
=有兩個轉圈的事物（n.）單車
Beautiful = beauti（beauty的變體，美麗）+ ful-（充滿的）
=充滿美麗的（adj.）美麗的

Computer = com-（con-的變體，共同）+ pute（計算）+ -er （動作者）
=把（數據）全部做計算的機器（n.）電腦、計算機
Animal = anima（生命）+ al（形容詞句尾，具有）
=具有生命的（事物）（n.）動物
Different = dif-（dis的變體，離開）+ fer（攜帶）+ -ent（狀態性質）
=事物被帶分離的狀態（adj.）相異的
Movie = mov（移動）+ -ie（-y的變體，結果）
=移動事物造成之結果（n.）電影
Parent = pare（產生）+ -ent（動作者）
=負責生產的人（n.）雙親之一

Vacation = vac（空）+ -at（-ate的簡化，使得）+ -ion（狀態結果）
=使得（生活）空出來的結果（n.）假期
Mountain = mount（攀登）+ -ain（-ant、-ent的變體，狀態性質）
=能（讓人）攀登的事物（n.）山
Department = de-（往下）+ part（分開）+ -ment（行為結果）
=使事物往下分類後的結果（n.）部門、專業領域
Restaurant = re-（一再、往）+ staur（store的變體，存放）+ -ant（狀態性質）
=使（食物）能一再存放的地方（n.）餐廳【此字在中古法文原本意義為「食物存放處、貨倉」】
Dictionary = dict（說話）+ -ion（狀態結果）+ -ary（與之相關物）
=說話產生的結果的相關（記錄）（n.）字典
Medicine = med（治療）+ -ic（形容詞字尾，相關的）+ -ine（屬於）
=跟治療有關的本質物（n.）藥
Practice = pract（做）+ -ice（-ic的變體，相關）
=有關於做事（的過程）（vt.、n.）練習
Envelope = en-（in-的變體，往內）+ velope（velop的變體，包）
=把（事物）包在裡頭（n.）信封
Expensive = ex-（往外）+ pens（pend的變體，懸掛）+ -ive（性質）
=把東西拿出來讓人懸掛秤重（就是買東西啦）的性質（adj.）昂貴的
Vendor = vend（販賣）+ -or（-er的變體，動作者）
=販賣者（n.）攤販
Station = stat（站立）+ -ion（狀態）
=站立的狀態（n.）車站、局、攤位（vt.）設置
Enjoy = en-（in-的變體，在內）+ joy（喜悅）
=從事物找到喜悅（vt.）喜愛
Doctor = doct（doc的變體，教導）+ -or（動作者）
=教導者（n.）醫生、博士
Christmas = Christ（受洗者，基督之別稱）+ -mas（mass的簡化，彌撒）
=為基督所做的彌撒（n.）聖誕節
Decorate = decor（美好的事）+ -ate（使得）
=使得事物美好（vt.）’裝飾
Special = speci（種類）+ -al（具有）
=具有單一種類的事物（adj.）特殊的（n.）特別事物

Difficult = dif-（dis-的變體，離開）+ fic（做）+ -ult（ulter的變體，超越）
=（事物）超越出能做的範圍（adj.）困難的
Preview = pre-（在之前）+ view（看）
=在之前就先看過一逼（n.、vt.）預習、預告
Review = re-（往後、一再）+ view（看）
=把（事物）帶回家再看一遍（vt.、n.）回顧、檢討、複習、評論
Concentrate = con-（共同）+ centr（center的變體，中央）+ -ate（使得）
=使得（心）往中心集中（v.）集中、專心
Embarrass = em-（in的變體，往內）+ barr（繩圈套住）+ -ass（-ice的變體，相關）
=使人被繩圈套住（vt.）使困窘尷尬【此字來自於古代的競技遊戲，騎在馬上被繩圈套住就是輸家】
Experience = ex-（往外）+ peri（嘗試）+ -ence（狀態結果）
=往外嘗試而得來的結果（n.）經驗（vt.）經歷
Comfortable = com-（共同）+ fort（強壯）+ -able（能夠的）
=使得（人們身心）能夠一起強壯起來（adj.）舒適的、家境小康的
Excite = ex（往外）+ cite（引發）
=使得（心情）引發出來（vt.）使刺激
Remember = re-（再次）+ memb（memo的變體，記憶）+ er-（拉丁文不定詞字尾）
=使得事物再次進入記憶中（vt.）記得
Terrible = terr（發抖）+ -ible（-able的變體，能夠的）
=能（讓人）發抖的（adj.）恐怖的、極糟的
Finish = fin（終點）+ -ish（屬於）
=使（事物）歸於終點（vt.）完成
Prepare = pre-（在之前）+ pare（產生）
=在之前就生產出來（vt.）準備
Factory = fact（做）+ -or（動作者）+ -y（性質）
=做事情的人或物（n.）工廠
Decide = de-（往下）+ cide（切）
=往下切（vt.）做決定
Ilegal = il-（in的變體，不）+ leg（法律）+ -al（具有）
=不具有法律性的（adj.）非法的
Important = im-（in的變體，往內）+ port（攜帶）+ -ant（起作用物）
=值得帶（回家）裡的事物（adj.）重要的、關係重大的
Celebrate = celebr（名氣）+ -ate（使得）
=使得（人或物）有名氣（vt.）慶祝、歌頌
Examine = ex-（往外）+ amine（秤重）
=把（事物）拿來外面秤重（vt.）檢驗
Prescription = pre-（在之前）+ scrip（scribe的變體，寫）+ -ion（狀態性質）
=寫在（病人）前面的事物（n.）藥方
Hospital = hospi（客人）+ -it（去）+ -al（具有）
=陌生人都能去的地方（n.）醫院【此字在中古英文中原義是「收留所」】
Sentence = sent（感覺）+ -ence（狀態性質）
=把感受的事物（表達出來）（n.）語句、判決（vt.）判決
Question = quest（詢求）+ -ion（狀態結果）
=提出詢求之事（n.）問題（vt.）詢問
Vegetable = veget（有生氣）+ -able（能夠的）
=能夠給予（人）生氣的事物（n.）蔬果
Subway = sub-（在其下）+ way（道路）
=在地下的道路（n.）地鐵
Famous =fam（fame的變體，名聲）+ -ous（具有的）
=有名聲的（adj.）有名的
Notice = not（記號）+ -ice（-ic的變體，有性質）
=做記號的目的（n.、vt.）注意
Fashionable = fash（fac的變體，做）+ -ion（狀態）+ -able（能夠的）
=做出來的結果能夠（為大家所使用的）=（adj.）流行的

Vacuum = vacu（空）+ -um（拉丁文中性名詞句尾）
=使變空的狀態（n.）真空（vt.）用真空吸塵機打掃
Volunteer = volunt（意志）+ -eer（從事者）
=（根據自己）意願來從事者（v.）自願（n.）義工
Language = langu（lingu的變體，舌頭）+ -age（集合）
=舌頭產生的動作結果（n.）語言
Example = ex-（往外）+ ample（emple的變體，取、買）
=取（事物）到外頭來（n.）範例
Popular = popul（群眾）+ -ar（-ary的變體，有關的）
=密切跟群眾相關的性質（adj.）受歡迎的
Subject = sub-（在其下）+ ject（丟）=把（人或事）丟到腳下
=（vt.）使服從（adj.）易於、受支配的（n.）主題、科目、主詞
Opportunity = op-（ob-的變體，朝向）+ port（攜帶）+ -un（-une的名詞字尾變形，事物）+ ity（事物狀態）
=能夠帶給自己事物（報酬）的事（n.）機會
Convenient = con-（一起）+ veni（來）+ -ent（狀態性質）
=（事物）都一起來到（身邊）（adj.）便利的
Dialogue = dia-（穿過）+ logue（話語）
=穿過（人們之間）的話語
Interest = inter-（在其間）+ -est（-es的變體，是、存在）
=使得人事物之間有關連的東西（n.）利害關係、興趣、利息（vt.）引起興趣
Criticize = crit（區別分開）+ -ic（相關的）+ -ize（動詞字尾，使得）
=使得（事物）都能區別開來
Problem = pro-（往前）+ blem（丟擲）
=丟到（人前）的事物（n.）問題
Conversation = con-（共同）+ vers（旋轉）+ -ation（狀態事物）
=用來跟大家一起周旋的事物（n.）談話
Impossible = im-（in-的變體，不）+ poss（能力）+ -ible（能夠的）
=沒有能力去做的（adj.）不可能的
System = sy-（syn-的變體，一致）+ stem（sta的變體，設立）
=事物放置在一起（做同一功能）（n.）系統
Produce = pro-（往前）+ duce（引導）
=往前引導出來（vt.）生產、製造、引入
Pollution = pol-（per-的變體，完全）+ lut（弄髒）+ ion（狀態事物）
=把事物完全搞髒（n.）污染
Surprise = sur-（在其上）+ prise（抓拿）
=抓住（某人的）頭（vt.、n.）使驚訝
Impress = im-（in-的變體，往內）+press（壓）
=往內壓進（心中）（vt.）使留下印象
Invent = in-（往內）+ vent（來）
=使內在（事物）慢慢出來（vt.）發明
Attend = at-（ad-的變體，朝向）+ tend（延伸）
=朝著（某事、地）延伸出去（v.）參加、注意
Return = re-（往後）+ turn（旋轉）
=（人、事）向後轉（v.）返回、歸還
Favorite = favor（偏愛）+ -ite（相關）
=偏愛某事物（adj.）最喜愛的（n.）最喜愛的事物
Closet = clos（關閉）+ -et（微小事物）
=小密閉空間（n.）壁櫥（adj.）秘密的
Create = cre（生長）+ -ate（使得）
=使得事物生長出來（vt.）創造
Accident = ac-（ad-的變體，朝向）+ cid（掉落）+ -ent（狀態性質）
=東西朝著（某人）掉落（n.）意外事件
Motorcycle = motor（馬達）+ cycle（轉圈）
=靠馬達來轉圈的事物（n.）機車
Machine = mach（mech的變體，幫助）+ -ine（本質）
=（某物）具有幫人做事的本質
Passenger = pass（通過）+ -eng（-ing的變體，情況）+ -er（動作者）
=處於通過狀態中的人（n.）旅客
Imagine = imag（影像）+ -ine（本質）
=（找出）影像的本質（vt.）想像、猜測
Semester = se-（six的變體，六）+ mest（月份）+ -er（動作物）
=維持六個月長之事物（n.）學期
Believe = be-（使得）+ lieve（提升）
=將事物（重要性）提升（vt.）相信
Graduate = gradu（grade的變體，踏步、階級）+ -ate（使得）
=使得某人有階級（v.）畢業（n.）研究所學生
Control = contr-（conta-的變體，逆向）+ rol（轉動）
=藉著前後轉動（試驗來確認）（vt.、n.）管理、控制
Exercise = ex-（往外）+ ere（erg的變體，工作）+ -ise（-ice的變體， 相關）
=對外努力以做出事物（vt.）運動、運用（n.）運動、練習、活動
Relax = re-（往後）+ lax（鬆開）
=使人到後面鬆懈下來（v.）放輕鬆
Report = re-（往後）+ port（攜帶）
=帶回（重要事物）（vt.、n.）報告
Gentle = gent（gen的變體，出生、種族）+ -le（ile的變體，能夠）
=能夠有（好）的出生的（adj.）有教養的、出身高貴的

數學英文

加 Plus (2+3... two plus three)

減  Minus (5-3... five minus three)

乘 times (3x2.... three times two)

除  divide by (10*5... ten divide by five)


數學 mathematical, math

加法 addition, 減法 subtraction, 乘法 multiplication, 除法 division

平方-square, 立方-cubic, 三角形-triangle, 正方形-foursquare, 四邊形-quadrangle, 平行四邊形-parallelogram, 梯形-trapezium, 圓形-circle, 橢圓形-ellipse, 扇形-sector, 半圓形-hemicycle

球體-globe, 柱狀體-pillar, 椎狀體-vertebra, 線-line, 面-coplanar

圓心-incenter, 圓周-circumference, 半徑-radius, 直徑-diameter, 圓周率-pi

幾何學-geometry, 根號-root sign, 向量-vector, 象限-quadrant, 拋物線-parabola

方程式-equate, 不等式-inequality, 微積分-calculus, 等號-equality sign, 百分率-percentage

圓規-compass, 三角板-set square, 算盤-abacus

直角-right angle, 銳角-acute angle, 鈍角-obtuse angle

分數-fraction, 分母-denominator, 小數-decimal, 小數點-decimal point, 整數-integer, 循環小數-circulating decimal, 有理數-rational number, 無理數-irrational number, 因數-factor, 倍數-multiple, 公因數-common factor, 公倍數-common multiple, 因數分解-resolution into factors

計算機-calculating machine, 餘數-residue, 個位數-units digit, 十位數-tens digit, 百位數-hundreds digit, 千位數-thousands digit, 無限大-drillion

Smile Curve

微笑曲線（Smile Curve）是1992年時，施振榮先生在《再造宏碁：開創、成長與挑戰》一書中所提出的企業競爭戰略。
微笑曲線分成左、中、右三段，左段為技術、專利，中段為製造、組裝，右段為品牌、服務，而曲線代表的是獲利，微笑曲線在中段位置為獲利低位，而在左右兩段位置則為獲利高位，如此整個曲線看起來像是個微笑符號。微笑曲線的含意即是：要增加企業的盈利，絕不是持續在組裝、製造位置，而是往左端或右端位置邁進。何嘗不是每個營利單位的目的,我司好像正是此圖的寫照-->看@中....哇.微笑曲線 好像是隻青蛙喔! ref: zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/微笑曲線

何謂生物降解與生物轉化?

何謂生物降解與生物轉化?
生物降解，是指複雜有機物質在微生物作用下轉變為結構簡單之化合物或完全被分解的過程。
生物轉化，是指通過微生物代謝導致有機或無機化合物之分子結構發生改變，生成新化合物的過程。

LD50/LC50

急毒性實驗的目的?
決定藥物的半致死劑量LD50或半致死濃度LC50

LD50的定義
在特定測試條件下,化學物質直接餵食或接觸實驗動物,可造成50%測試動物死亡的劑量.

LC50的定義
在特定條件下,實驗動物曝露在含有化學物質的環境中,環境化學物質的濃度可使50%實驗動物死亡,該濃度即為化學化質的LC50值

依照LD50值,一般可將化學物質的毒性分為哪四類?
類別    LD50(mg/kg)
超級毒    <5
劇毒    5-50
強毒    50-500
低毒    500-5000

亞急毒性測試的目的
連續投藥90天後,根據實驗動物各項生物指標的反應訂定無作用劑量(No observable effect level, NOEL)
NOEL的定義為化學物質不會造成可測量毒害的最高劑量
此外,亦可提供化學物質是否會在身體累積及主要作用器官等有用資料

何謂"無可觀測效應之劑量(No-observable effect level),NOEL?
在試驗系統中對目標器官未引起可觀測生物作用之最高毒物劑量